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Public research is the source of many of today’s technologies from the GPS and MRI to MP3 technology. Public research institutions (PRIs) and universities are also an engine of entrepreneurial ventures from biotech start-ups to Internet giants like Google. Today, globalisation, open innovation and new forms of venture financing such as crowd funding are changing the way institutions promote the transfer and commercialisation of public researcher results. This report describes recent trends in government and university level policies to enhance the transfer and exploitation of public research and benchmarks the patenting and licensing activities of PRIs and universities in a number of OECD countries and regions, including the EU, Australia, Canada, and the US. Finally, it also showcases, based on case studies of leading institutions in Finland (Aalto Center for Entrepreneurship), Germany (Fraunhofer Institute), the Czech Republic (Technology Transfer Office of the Czech Technical University), Japan (open innovation in firms), United States (National Institutes of Health) a number of good practices for increasing the number of university invention disclosures, accelerate licensing contracts and promote more open innovation practices between universities and firms.  

Research --- Management. --- Finance. --- Government policy. --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Research management --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams

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The internationally recognised methodology for collecting and using R&D statistics, the OECD's Frascati Manual is an essential tool for statisticians  and science and innovation policy makers worldwide. It includes definitions of basic concepts, data collection guidelines, and classifications for compiling R&D statistics.  This updated edition contains improved guidelines reflecting recent changes in the way R&D takes place and is funded and the wider use of R&D statistics and definitions. It provides new chapters dedicated to the practical aspects of collecting R&D data in different sectors, as well as new guidance on capturing different aspects of public support for R&D such as tax incentives.

Research --- Scientific surveys --- Statistical methods --- Surveys, Scientific --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Science and state --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams

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Portugal aims to develop a more innovative, inclusive and productive economy, and to ensure that the ensuing benefits are widely distributed, regionally and socially. This report assesses the extent to which Portugal's higher education, research and innovation system is well configured to help Portugal achieve its vision of inclusive innovation, and identify which policy options might help it achieve its goals. The assessment and the related recommendations focus on: 1 governance, strategy and funding in higher education, research and innovation; 2 the missions, profiles and use of resources of higher education institutions; 3 undergraduate and master's level education activities; 4 doctoral training activities; 5 academic careers; high-skill employment and business innovation.

Research --- Education, Higher --- College students --- Higher education --- Postsecondary education --- Universities and colleges --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Education

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This annual publication reflects recent efforts made by the OECD to improve the quality and availability of industrial R&D expenditure and researchers, scientists and engineers data.

Research, Industrial --- Research --- Finance --- Statistics --- Science --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Contract research --- Industrial research --- Engineering experiment stations --- Inventions --- Technological innovations --- Engineering --- Construction --- Industrial arts --- Technology

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This report deals with public sector research. It provides a comprehensive review of the challenges that call for changes in the governance of OECD countries’ science systems. It highlights emerging policy responses developed in these countries indicating better practices to deal with the challenges, and draws policy lessons that can inspire the reform process. Supporting chapters provide detailed descriptions and analyses of the structures of science systems, the procedures for priority setting, the changes to funding, and the management of human resources in R&D.

Research. --- Research --- Science --- Physical Sciences & Mathematics --- Sciences - General --- Management --- Finance --- Personnel management --- Science research --- Scientific research --- Natural science --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Research management --- Information services --- Learning and scholarship --- Methodology --- Research teams --- Science. --- Management. --- Finance. --- Personnel management. --- Natural sciences